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Sharma, Parmod
- Effect of Irrigation Frequency and Salinity Levels of Irrigation Water on Salt Dynamics Under Drip Irrigation in Cabbage (L. Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 14, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 413-418Abstract
Use of poor quality water for agriculture production requires appropriate management strategies such as leaching of excessive salts, selection of salt tolerant crops, frequent application of water etc. Thus a field experiment was conducted at C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the salt dynamics in soil under drip irrigation system on cabbage crop and to investigate the effect of frequency and salinity levels of irrigation water on cabbage. Two irrigation frequency: daily (F1) and alternate day (F2) irrigation and five salinity levels of irrigation water: canal water (S1), ECiw3 (S2), 6 (S3), 9 (S4) and 12 (S5) dS/m treatments were considered in the experiment. With movement away from the plant (radial or vertically), salt concentration increased in the ischolar_mainzone. More electrical conductivity was observed at the wetting front of the ischolar_mainzone. In daily irrigation under saline water of ECiw 12 dS/m (F1S5), the ECe values after 90 days of transplantation was increased by 206.4, 222.1, 244.4 and 264.1% on comparing with initial values in 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm layers, respectively. In alternate day irrigation under saline water of 12 dS/m (F2S5), the ECe values after 90 days of transplantation was increased by 279.2, 262.7, 270.1 and 280.2% on comparing with initial values in 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm layers, respectively.Keywords
Cabbage, Drip Irrigation, Saline Water, Salt Dynamics.
References
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- Malash, N., Flowers, T.J. and Ragab, R. (2008). Effect of irrigation methods, management and salinity of irrigation water on tamato yield, soil moisture and salinity distribution. J. Irrigation Sci., 26 : 313-323.
- Mangal, J.L., Srivastava, V.K. and Karwasra, S.P.S. (1990). Salt tolerance in vegetable crop. Tech. Bull. No. 1, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar.
- Phogat, V., Sharma, S.K. Kumar, Sanjay, Satyavan and Gupta, S.K. (2010). Vegetable cultivation with poor quality water.Technical Bulletin. Dept. of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. pp 1-72.
- Rajput, T.B.S. and Patel, Neelam (2006).Water and nitrate movement in drip-irrigated onion under fertigation and irrigation treatments. Agric. Water Mgmt., 79 : 293-311.
- Rhoades, J.D., Kandiah, A. and Mashali, A.M. (1992). Use of salt water for agricultural production. Translation by Gheyi, HR; Sousa, JR; Queiroz, JE Campina Grande: UFPB, 117p
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- Energetic Analysis of Rice Production:A Case Study of Rohtak District in Haryana
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 12, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 153-156Abstract
Paddy covers approximately 40-45 per cent of the total area covered by cereal crops in India. Rice production needs to be augmented to meet the growing demand. Rice crop cultivated under watery condition either by storing canal water or pumping water or both, by utilizing a lot of electric/diesel energy especially when pumping is carried out. The amount of rice production is a direct function of energy inputs and outputs. The aim of this study was to examine the operation-wise and source-wise energy consumption pattern in rice crop production in western agro-climatic zone of Haryana. The data was collected through a questionnaire by face to face interviews. The amount of energy consumed in seedlings, land development, land preparation, transplanting, irrigation, weeding, fertilizer, harvesting and threshing and transportation were calculated for rice crop cultivation. The energy inputs in seed, human, diesel, electricity, machinery and fertilizer were taken into consideration to determine the source wise energy that was used in rice production. The average energy input of large farmers (LF), marginal farmers (MF) and small farmers (SF) was observed to be 35589.38, 35251.64 and 31432.07 MJ/ha, respectively while output energy was 144730, 166309 and 172180 MJ/ha, respectively. Specific energy of small, medium and large category framers was 4.43, 5.12, and 6.25 MJ/kg, respectively. The result revealed that fertilizer consumed highest energy in case of small farmers and on the other hand electricity consumed the bulk of energy in case of medium and large category of farmer. The result also showed that energy ratio, energy productivity and net energy gain of all category farmers were lie between 3.89 to 4.26, 6.64 to 7.12 kg/MJ and 89236.17 to 94073.10 MJ/ha, respectively.Keywords
Rice, Energy input, Energy Output.References
- Deshmukh, S.C. and Patil, V.A. (2013). Energy conservation and audit. Internat. J. Scientif. & Res. Public., 3(8): 2250-3153.
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- Gill, K.S. (1994). Sustainability issues related to rice-wheat production system. In: Paroda, R.S., Woodhead, T. and Singh, R.B. (Ed.) Sustainability of rice-wheat production systems in Asia, FAO, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 30-61.
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- Kizilashan, H. (2009). Input-output analysis of cherries production in Tokat province of Turkey. Applied Energy, 86 : 1354-1358.
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- Sharma, H.C., Dhiman,S.D. and Singh, V.P. (1994). Ricewheat cropping system in Haryana: Potential , possibilities and limitations. In: Dhiman,S,D,, Nandal, D.P., Om, H. and Singh,B. (Ed) Proceedings of a symposium on sustainability of rice-wheat system in India, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal, India, pp. 27-39.
- Singh, G. (2002). Energy conservation through efficient mechanized farming, Agric. Engg. Today’s, 24 (2) : 351-536.
- Singh, K., Kumar, V., Saharawat, Y. S., Gathala, M. and Ladha, J.K. (2013). Weedy rice: An emerging threat for DSR production systems in India. J. Rice Res., 1: 106.
- Sondhi, S.K., Kaushal, M.P. and Singh, P. (1994). Irrigaton management strategies for rice-wheat cropping system. In: Dhiman,S,D,, Nandal, D.P., Om, H. and Singh,B. (Ed) Proceedings of a symposium on sustainability of rice-wheat system in India, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal, India, pp. 95-104.
- Toung, T.P. and Bhuiyan, S.I. (1994). Innovations toward improving wateruse efficiency in rice. Paper presented at the Word Bank’s 1994 Water Resource Seminar, 13-15 December 1994. Virginia, USA.
- WEBLOGRAPHY
- Anonymous (2017). Accessed from agricoop.nic.in. Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmer Welfare.
- Energy use Pattern of Rice Production in Western Agro-Climatic Zone of Haryana
Abstract Views :222 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Renewable and Bio-Energy Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 12, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 186-190Abstract
Paddy covers approximately 40-45 per cent of the total area covered by cereal crops in India. Rice production needs to be augmented to meet the growing demand. Rice crop cultivated under watery condition either by storing canal water or pumping water or both, by utilizing a lot of electric/diesel energy especially when pumping is carried out. The amount of rice production is a direct function of energy inputs and outputs. The aim of this study was to examine the operation-wise and source-wise energy consumption pattern in rice crop production in western agro-climatic zone of Haryana. The data were collected through a questionnaire by face to face interviews. The amount of energy consumed in seedlings, land development, land preparation, transplanting, irrigation, weeding, fertilizer, harvesting and threshing and transportation were calculated for rice crop cultivation. The energy inputs in seed, human, diesel, electricity, machinery and fertilizer were taken into consideration to determine the source wise energy that was used in rice production. The average energy input of small farmers (SF), marginal farmers (MF) and large farmers (LF) was observed to be 28,238.83, 28,419.00 and 32,051.57 MJ/ha, respectively while output energy was 1,17,475, 1,22,915 and 1,24,900 MJ/ha respectively. Specific energy of large, medium and small category framers were 7.12, 6.48, and 6.44 MJ/ha, respectively. The result revealed that fertilizer, irrigation and electricity consumed the bulk of energy. The result also showed that energy ratio, energy productivity and net energy gain of all category farmers were lie between 3.89 to 4.26, 6.64 to 7.12 kg/MJ and 89236.17 to 94073.10 MJ/ha, respectively. Yield rice grain of large, medium and small category framers were 4500, 4450 and 4250 kg/ha, respectively.Keywords
Rice, Energy Input, Energy Output, Specific Energy.References
- Bockari-Gevao, S. M., Wam Ishak, W. I., Azmin, Y. and Chan, C. W. (2005). Analysis of energy consumption in low land rice-based cropping system of Malaysia. Songklanakarin J. Sci. & Technol., 27(4): 819-826.
- Canakci, M., Topakci, M., Akinci, I. and Ozmerzi, A. (2005). Energy use pattern of some field crops and vegetable production: Case study for Antalya Region, Turkey. Energy Conversion & Mgmt., 46 : 655-666.
- Chaudhary, V.P., Gangwer, B. and Pandey, D. K. (2006). Auditing of energy use and output of difference cropping systems in India. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR e-journal, ManuscriptbEE05 001, 87.
- Deshmukh, S.C. and Patil, V.A. (2013). Energy conservation and audit. Internat. J.Scient. & Res. Public., 3(8): 2250-3153.
- Faidley, L. W. (1992). Energy and agriculture. In: R.C. Fluck (Ed), Energy in farm production, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 1-12.
- Khambalker, V., Pohare, J., Katkhede, S., Bunde, D. and dahatonde, S. (2010). Energy and economic evaluation of farm operations in crop production. J. Agric. Sci., 2(4) : 191-200.
- Khan, M.A. and Singh, G. (1997). Energy inputs and potential for agricultural production in western Pakistan. Agricultural Systems, 54(3): 341-356.
- Khan, M.A., Ahmad, S., Hussain, Z., Yasin, M., Aslam, M. and Majid, R. (2004). Efficiency of water and energy use for production of organic wheat. J. Sci. Technol. & Develop., 24(1): 25-29.
- Kizilashan, H. (2009). Input-output analysis of cherries production in Tokat province of Turkey. Appl.Energy, 86 : 1354-1358.
- Mandal, K.G., Saha, K.P., Ghosh, P.K. and Hati, K.M. (2002). Bandyopadhyay, Bioenergy and Economic analysis of soybean-based crop production system in central India. Biomass & Bio-energy, 23: 337-345.
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- Singh, K., Kumar, V., Saharawat, Y. S., Gathala, M. and Ladha, J.K. (2013). Weedy rice: An emerging threat for DSR production systems in India. J. Rice Res., 1: 106.
- WEBLOGRAPHY
- Anonymous (2017) Accessed from agricoop.nic.in. Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmer Welfare.
- Spice Crops Tolerant to Salinity and Alkalinity
Abstract Views :370 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Vegetable Crop, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
1 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
2 Department of Vegetable Crop, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 16, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 272-277Abstract
Tolerance and yield of a crop are complex genetic traits, which are difficult to maintain simultaneously since salt stress may occur as a catastrophic agent, be imposed continuously or intermittently or become gradually more severe. Salinity and alkalinity stress have a major impact on spices in the form of their growth, development and yield.Adverse effects of salinity might be due to ion cytotoxicity and osmatic stress, which disrupt homeostasis in water potential and ionic distribution due to disordering in cohesions of membrane lipids and proteins and influence various physiological and biochemical processes. To review the tolerance of spices to salinity and alkalinity, the present paper collates the existing experimental data sets, establishing the salt tolerance limits under saline or alkali environment either in soil ischolar_main zone or which is created due to the application of saline or alkali irrigation water for crop production. Studies show that the salt affected areas and saline irrigation water can be utilized satisfactorily to raise forest and fruit tree species, forage grasses, conventional and non-conventional crops, oil seed crops, spice crops of high economic value, petro-crops and flower plants.Keywords
Spice Crops, Salinity, Saline Soil, Saline Water, Varietal Tolerance.References
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